This was around the 16th century. Does anyone have any idea?
1. immediate and major successes.
2. strictly coordinated and governed by the Crown.
3. met with little or no native resistance.
4. privately organized and financed.
5. major failures.
Spain and Portugal had ruthlessly exploited the New World for the sake of gold and silver, initially at least. Playing politics with the indigenous civilizations, Spain especially found that any resistance could be put down by inciting longstanding tribal grudges with brutally clever diplomacy: Thus sparing Spaniards many long wars against the Aztecs and Incans or their client kingdoms. With the advantage of gunpowder (which was more a weapon of fear than anything), it was relatively easy to maintain hegemony over vast stretched of heterogeneous environments prior to the Revolutions of the 18th and 19th Century.
When native slaves had died out from European diseases, importation of African slaves followed shortly. As time went on, the climate of South America and the Caribbean made growth of exotic crops easier to facilitate and expand, so items such as sugar cane later became a priority for the profit minded Iberians. As history would have it though, Spain would largely suffer from the before mentioned precious metal surpluses; and the enormous influx of gold and silver from the Americas would actually cause their currency to inflate.
The English, on the other hand, had somewhat different priorities. Originally interested into a Northwest passage to India, the capacity for business ventures expanded with private and royal patronage to North America. It was intended that the New World could be a source of raw materials while provided a market for finished goods imported from Britain; though some colonies also doubled as a convenient location for undesirables, prisoners and assorted ne’er-do-wells! The colonization efforts of the English were far more liberal than that of Spain’s or Portugal’s, and Parliament and the Crown frequently allowed former enemies of the Anglican Church to freely settle down on colonies without the previous threat of persecution they received on the mainland.
Time passed, and problems developed. Though the Native population had been cooperative with the French and English at first (for they were valued in the strategically important fur trade), the inevitable encroachment on tribal lands provoked many wars. Rather than expand a frontier and deal with even more resistance, however, England found solace in establishing that the Appalachian Mountains would be the furthest limit of colonization. This frontier eventually upset the colonists though, and it was a contributing factor in the later American Revolution. The further revocation of traditional self government and free trade rights were probably more significant catalysts in the long run.
The plantation systems of both nations were hugely successful, and the American plantations of the south were so tied to Britain that their respective owners were very hesitant to participate in the Revolution for threat of losing their most important purchaser of indigo, tobacco and cotton. The North, on the other hand, had become quite independent and developed an impressive corps of manufacturing prowess that would later rival that of Britain’s Industrial Revolution: Thus rendering the intended purpose of buyer of European goods quite null and void.
Walk Don’t Run’64
THE CRUEL SEA
At the Venture Bros. panel at New York Comic-Con, you were treated to an exclusive preview of the upcoming 3rd season.
mooi instrumentaaltje geheime zender
Artist:The Ventures
A cover tune by the ventures.
【STEREO】
The Ventures – Hawaii 5-0 (instrumental)